[转帖]象棋术语中英文对照 - 华工象棋论坛

象棋 xiangqi
棋盘 board
棋子 piece
棋例 xiangqi rules
棋证 arbiter, referee, judge
计时 time control
限着 movecount
封棋, 保留 adjourn, adjournment
暂停 break
超时 lost on time
评注 commentation, commentory, annotation
复盘 review, play back, post-mortem analysis
对局记录 record (of game)
先走 move first, play red
后走 move next, play black
开局 opening
应局 responding
中局 middle game, mid game
残局 end game
排局 composed game, end game composition
实用残局 practical end game
胜局 winning game, won game
死局 lost game, forced mate
认输 resign
弃权 retire
例胜 won position
例和 draw position
判和 judged draw
巧胜 positional win
巧和 positional draw
欠行 stalement, stalemate
正着, 官着 right move, correct move
妙着 excellent move
紧着 strong move, pressing move
阴着 tricky move
软着 weak move
虚着 plausible move
空着 useless move
劣着 bad move
漏着 blunder
大漏 big blunder
棋谱着法 text move
闲着 idle move
停着 waiting move
诱着 Tempting move, inducing move
变着 alternative, variation
先手 initiative
得先, 反先 gain initiative
失先, 失一先 lose initiative, lose a tempo
后手, 被动 passive
优势 advantage, superior
劣势 disadvantage, inferior, awkwark position
均势 even positions
局势, 局面 position, siduation
将 check
捉 chase, pursue
杀, 催杀 mate, mating threat
解杀 dissolve mating
循环 repetition of position
兑 exchange, trade
拦 block
跟 follow
闲, 停 wait
封锁 seal off, blockade
进 move forwards, advance
退 move backwards, retreat
平 move sidewards, traverse
吃子 capture piece
得子 gain piece
失子 lose piece
兑子 exchange piece
弃子 sacrifice piece
长将 perpetual check
长捉 perpetual chase, perpetual pursuit
长兑 perpetual exchange offer
长杀 perpetual mating threat
长拦 perpetual blocking
长跟 perpetual follow
一将一停 check & wait
一将一捉 check & chase
一将一杀 check & mating
一杀一停 mating & wait
一杀一捉 mating & chase
一捉一停 chase & wait
捉双 fork, attacking two pieces
有根 rooted, protected
无根 unrooted, unprotected
兵种 piece-kind
搏杀 combat, wrestle, sharp attacking each other
攻势 attack
反攻 counter attack
入局 mating assault
空门 undefended sector, weak sector
分先 play at par
让一先 1-move handicap
让长先 perpetual 1-move handicap
让二先 2-move handicap
让三先 3-move handicap
让单马 1-horse handicap
让双马 2-horse handicap
平稳局势 calm game, secured position
散漫局势 disorderly position, scattered position
可胜形势 winning position
子力活跃 Active pieces
子力呆滞 passive pieces
后继手段 combination moves
尚可支持 Tenable situation

位置名称 Descriptions of positions
(为方便读和写, 可尽量用括弧内的简称)

直线 file
横线 rank
河头 river bank (RB)
骑河 cross-river (CR)
卒行 pawn rank (PR)
己方底线 base, 1st rank
对方底线 bottom rank
炮位线 cannon rank
中士线 throat rank
中线, 中路 central file
边线 edge files
三七路 elbow files
四六路 armpit files
一路 1st file
二路 2nd file
三路 3rd file
四路 4th file
五路 5th file
六路 6th file
七路 7th file
八路 8th file
九路 9th file
花心 centroid, throat
士角 palace corner, palcorner
象眼, 象田 elephant-eye (E-eye)

直车 Filed chaRiot
横车 Ranked chaRiot
中车 Central chaRiot
河头车, 巡河车 River Bank chaRiot, (RB chaRiot), Patrolling chaRiot
骑河车 Cross River chaRiot (CR chaRiot)
卒行车 Pawn Rank chaRiot (PR chaRiot)
贴身车 Armpit chaRiot, King Side chaRiot
肋车 E-eye chaRiot
边车 Edge chaRiot
沉底车 Bottom chaRiot
底车(已方底线) Base chaRiot
高头车 High chaRiot
低头车 Low chaRiot
重线车 Linked chaRiots
守丧车 Boxed chaRiot

中炮, 中官炮 Central Cannon
边炮 Edge Cannon
士角炮 Palcorner Cannon
巡河炮 RB Cannon, Patrolling Cannon
骑河炮 CR Cannon
卒行炮 PR Cannon
沉底炮 Bottom Cannon
竿炮 Linked Cannons
空头炮 Exposed Cannon
窝心炮 Centroid Cannon
镇中炮 Central Pinning Cannon
三路炮 3rd File Cannon, 3rd Cannon
七路炮 7th File Cannon, 7th Cannon
炮归家 Home Rank Cannon, Homing Cannon
冷巷炮 Corridor Cannon, Alley Cannon

屏风马 Screen Horses
单提马 Single Horse
反攻马 Sandwich Horses
穿官马 E-eye Horse
钓鱼马 Angler Horse (Attack)
卧槽马 Elbow Horse (Attack)
士角马 Palcorner Horse
归心马 Centroid Horse
河头马 RB Horse
边马 Edge Horse
绊脚马 Lame Horse
连环马 Linked Horses

中兵 Central Pawn
边兵 Edge Pawn
一路边兵 Right Edge Pawn
九路边兵 Left Edge Pawn
三路兵 Right Elbow Pawn, 3rd Pawn
七兵 Left Elbow Pawn, 7th Pawn
高兵 High Pawn
低兵 Low Pawn (at throat rank)
底兵 Bottom Pawn
过河兵 Promoted Pawn
兄弟兵 Linked Pawns
对头兵 Opposing Pawns
花心兵 Centroid Pawn
咽喉兵 E-eye Pawn

中帅 Central King
侧帅 King at Side, Palside King
露帅 Exposed King
出帅 King out
帅坐上 King up
帅坐下 King down
山顶帅 King at peak, Roof King
光帅 Naked King

士象的术语 Terms related to Adviser and Elephant
士象全 Full guard
单缺士 Single Adviser guard
单缺象 Single Elephant guard
半边士象 Half guard
底象 Base Elephant
边象 Edge Elephant
顶象 Top Elephant
左象 Left Elephant
右象 Right Elephant
中象 Central Elephant
左士 Left Adviser
右士 Right Adviser
中士 Centroid Adviser
底士 Base Adviser
顶士 Palcorner Adviser
羊角士 Palcorner & Centroid Advisers, Ram Horn Advisers

攻杀局势 Checkmate/Attacking positions
二字车 2-R checkmate
三把手 3-R checkmate
勒马车 Horse Braking chaRiot checkmate
四车相见 4-R rendezvous
炮闷宫 Cannon smothered checkmate
双杯　酒 Double Cannons smothered mate
重炮将军 Double Cannons checkmate, Tandem Cannons checkmate
丝线掏牛 Pinning Cannon
车炮抽扯 Cannon-chaRiot discover check
炮辗丹沙 ChaRiot-Cannon discover check
双马饮泉 Double Horses checkmate
马后炮 Horse-Cannon checkmate
侧面虎 Tiger Silheoutte
车马冷着 ChaRiot-Horse checkmate, chaRiot-Horse zugzwang
大胆穿心 Throat cutting checkmate
将军抽子 Capture with discover check
三子归边 3-piece at side, flanking trio
四子归边 4-piece at side, flanking quartet
弃子抢攻 Sacrifice for attacking, assaulting sacrifice
运子取势 Deployment for advantage
先弃后取 Abandoning before gaining
兑子争先 Exchange for initiative
解杀还杀 Counter mating

中炮局 Central Cannon opening
士角炮局 Palcorner Cannon opening
过宫炮局 Cross Palace Cannon opening, Parading Cannon opening
仙人指路 Pawn opening, Angel's guide
飞象局 Elephant opening
进马局 Horse opening
中炮进三兵 Central Cannon 3rd Pawn
中炮进七兵 Central Cannon 7th Pawn
中炮进中兵 Central Cannon Central Pawn
中炮过河车 Central Cannon PR chaRiot
中炮巡河车 Central Cannon Patrolling chaRiot
中炮七路马 Central Cannon 7th Horse
中炮夹马 Central Cannon Linking Horses
中炮直车 Central Cannon File chaRiot
中炮横车 Central Cannon Rank chaRiot
五六炮 5th & 6th Cannons
五七炮 5th & 7th Cannons
五八炮 5th & 8th Cannons
五九炮 5th & 9th Cannons

黑方开局 Black's Openings
屏风马布局 Screen Horses defence, 2-Horse defence
反攻马布局 Sandwich Horses defence
单提马布局 Single Horse defence
炮局 Folding Cannons defence, Tandem Cannons defence
卒底局 Elbow Cannon defence, Thundering defence
三步虎 3-step Tiger defence
斗顺炮 Same Direction (SD) Cannon, Mirror Cannon defence
斗列炮 Opposite Direction (OD) Cannon, Counter Cannon defence
屏风马平炮兑车 Screen Horses Edge Cannon for chaRiot exchange
屏风马双炮过河 Screen Horses Double PR Cannons
屏风马左马盘河 Screen Horses with RB Horse
屏风马左炮封车 Screen Horses with Left Cannon Blockade

对兵局 Pawn vs Pawn opening
对马局 Horse vs Horse opening
顺炮局 SD Cannons opening
列炮局 OD Cannons opening
仙人指路对卒底炮 Pawn vs Elbow cannon opening,
Angel's Guide vs Thundering defence
中炮进三兵对反宫马 Central Canon 3rd Pawn vs Sandwich Horses
中炮进七兵过河车对屏风马平炮兑车局
Central Cannon 7th Pawn PR chaRiot vs Screen Horses Edge Cannon for chaRiot exchange

随着科技水平的提高，计算机和软件逐步渗入到人类生活的方方面面。对弈软件的水平的提高，使得网络上的对弈方式发生了很大的变化。

从单一的纯人对弈方式，演变成了“人机”、“纯人”和“纯机”三种对弈方式。

人机：由人和对弈软件取长补短、相互结合的对弈方式。

纯人：完全由人脑思考的对弈方式。

纯机：完全由软件计算、判断的对弈方式。

今天，上课时我学到了一个英文词组。“人机界面”，Human Machine Interface，简称HMI。那么，我们可以得出“人机”、“纯人”和“纯机”的英文翻译。

人机：Human Machine，简称HM。

纯人：Only Human，简称OH。

纯机：Only Machine，简称OM。

“棋手”的英文翻译是chess player。

人机棋手：Human Machine Chess Player，简称HMCP。

纯人棋手：Only Human Chess Player，简称OHCP。

例句：

Fei Hong is a famous HMCP.

飞鸿是一个著名的人机棋手。

Yi Wang is a firm OHCP.

弈王是一个坚定的纯人棋手。